Topography of Borneo
| |
| Geography | |
|---|---|
| Location | Southeast Asia |
| Coordinates | 01°N 114°ECoordinates: 01°N 114°E |
| Archipelago | Greater Sunda Islands |
| Area | 743,330 km2(287,000 sq mi) |
| Area rank | 3rd |
| Highest elevation | 4,095 m (13,435 ft) |
| Highest point | Kinabalu |
| Administration | |
| Brunei | |
| Districts | Belait Brunei and Muara Temburong Tutong |
| Provinces | West Kalimantan Central Kalimantan South Kalimantan East Kalimantan North Kalimantan |
| States and FT | Sabah Sarawak Labuan |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 19,804,064 (2010) |
| Pop. density | 21.52 /km2 (55.74 /sq mi) |
| Ethnic groups | Dayak, Iban, Kadazan-Dusun, Banjar, Sama-Bajau,Murut, Rungus and Bruneian Malay |
Borneo (/ˈbɔːrnioʊ/; Indonesian: Kalimantan, Malay: Borneo) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest island in Asia.[1] At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and east of Sumatra.
The island is politically divided among three countries: Malaysia and Brunei in the north, and Indonesia to the south. Approximately 73% of the island is Indonesian territory. In the north, the East Malaysian states of Sabah andSarawak make up about 26% of the island. Additionally, the Malaysian federal territory of Labuan is situated on a small island just off the coast of Borneo. The sovereign state of Brunei, located on the north coast, comprises about 1% of Borneo's land area. Antipodal to an area of Amazon rainforest, Borneo is itself home to one of the oldest rainforests in the world, and to Bornean orangutans.
Etymology[edit]
The island is known by many names; internationally it is known as Borneo, after Brunei, derived from European historical contact with the kingdom in the 16th century during the Age of Exploration. The name Brunei possibly was initially derived from the Sanskrit word "váruṇa" (वरुण), meaning either "ocean" or the mythological Varuna, the Hindu god of the ocean. Indonesian nativescalled it Kalimantan, which was derived from the Sanskrit word Kalamanthana,meaning "burning weather island" (to describe its hot and humid tropicalweather).[2]
Prior to that the island was also known by other names. In 977 Chineserecords began to use the term Po-ni to refer to Borneo. In 1225 it was also mentioned by the Chinese official Chau Ju-Kua (趙汝适).[3] The Javanese manuscript Nagarakretagama, written by Majapahit court poet Mpu Prapancain 1365, mentioned the island as Nusa Tanjungnagara, which means the island of the Tanjungpura Kingdom.[4]
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